Sotah Daf 30 - Shelishi in Chullin
Summary
- The text analyzes Rabbi Yosi’s derivation of a fourth-degree impurity in sancta via a *kal va-chomer* from a *mechusar kapparim*, tests whether his premise aligns with the chachamim or Abba Shaul regarding a *tevul yom*, and concludes that if he held like Abba Shaul he should have derived it from *tevul yom*, thereby supporting Rabbi Yohanan’s objection to his *kal va-chomer*. The text then marshals named Tannaim—Rabbi Meir, Rabbi Yosi, Rabbi Yehoshua, Rabbi Elazar, and Rabbi Eliezer—who reject Rabbi Akiva’s view that even *chullin* can become a *shelishi le-tumah*, bringing proofs from Mishnah and Beraita. The sugya further presents three readings of the dispute about performing *hafrashat challah* from a *tahor* dough onto a *tamei* dough while maintaining *min ha-mukaf*. The text next records a dispute whether *techum Shabbat* is *de-oraita* or *de-rabbanan* based on “Arei ha-Levi’im,” and concludes with three views describing how the *shirah* at the sea was performed and how to read “*leimor*” and “*vayomru*.”
- Rabbi Yosi derives a *revi'i ba-kodesh* from a *kal va-chomer* off a *mechusar kapparim* who is permitted in *terumah* but prohibited in *kodesh*, arguing that anything that is a *shelishi le-tumah* and is disqualified in *terumah* should create a *revi'i ba-kodesh*. Rav Pappa challenges the basis by proposing that Rabbi Yosi might follow Abba Shaul, who says a *tevul yom* is, min ha-Torah, a full *sheni le-tumah* and that the system works *le-tamei shnayim u-le-fasol echad* for *kodesh*. The text rejects this by asserting that if Rabbi Yosi held like Abba Shaul he should have derived the *revi'i ba-kodesh* directly from *okhel haba machmat tevul yom*, not from a *mechusar kapparim*. The text therefore reads Rabbi Yosi as aligned with the chachamim that a *tevul yom* renders *terumah* and *kodesh* only *pasul* without further transmission, leaving the difficulty that his *kal va-chomer* cannot establish a *revi'i ba-kodesh* as Rabbi Yohanan objects.
- Rabbi Akiva holds that even *chullin* can become a *shelishi le-tumah*, and the text identifies five Tannaim who explicitly deny this: Rabbi Meir, Rabbi Yosi, Rabbi Yehoshua, Rabbi Elazar, and Rabbi Eliezer.
- Rabbi Yosi’s own structure shows that if *chullin* could reach a *shelishi*, the ladder of degrees would push *terumah* to a *revi'i* and *kodesh* to a fifth, which the sugya does not accept; his derivation thereby presumes that *chullin* stops at *sheni*.
- Rabbi Elazar states that a first-degree—in *chullin*, *terumah*, or *kodesh*—is metamei two levels and *posel* one more in *kodesh*, that *terumah* extends one fewer step, and that in *chullin* it is only *posel echad*, i.e., *chullin* reaches only *sheni* and no *shelishi*.
- # Hafrashat Challah from Tahor onto Tamei: Three Explanations
- # Techum Shabbat: De-oraita or De-rabbanan
- # Formats of the Shirah at the Sea
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