Makos Daf 22 - Administering Malkus
Summary
- This shiur traces a sugya from Ulla and Rav Nachman through Rava regarding whether there is chiluk melachos on Shabbos versus Yom Tov, resolves a baraisa that counts five malkos for cooking gid hanasheh in milk on Yom Tov by substituting havarah with other lavin, catalogs additional proposed lavin in the “choresh telem echad” case and explains why some are excluded, presents a case of kelayim even with one animal via pesulei ha-mukdashin, and then moves to the Mishnahs on how many lashes are given, the derivation of thirty-nine versus forty, the honor due to a talmid chacham, how assessments of capacity to receive lashes are adjusted, whether one assessment can cover two lavin, and the procedural details of administering malkos.
- The shiur is sponsored by Dr. David Lander in honor of his wife and children לעילוי נשמת his mother גאלדא בת שמחה עליה השלום, by Daniel Sedyan for the הצלחה of כלל ישראל and for soldiers and captives to return safely, by the Gross family לזכר נשמת חנה לאה בת משה צבי, רב משה יהודה בן רב נחום, חיה לאה בת נפתלי הערצקא and צבי מנחם בן שמעיה, and in memory of Akiva Vogel, עקיבא בן חיים ברוך, on his second יארצייט. The learning resumes from Ulla’s question to Rav Nachman about adding liability for sowing on Yom Tov and proceeds to Rava’s principle about chiluk melachos.
- Ulla challenges why sowing on Yom Tov is not included, and Rava states יש חילוק מלאכות בשבת ואין חילוק מלאכות ביום טוב. Rivan explains the source of chiluk melachos on Shabbos as “לא תבערו אש בכל מושבותיכם ביום השבת” per Rabbi Natan’s be’urah lechalek, while Rabbi Yosi derives it from *ve’asa me’achas mehenah*, both applying to Shabbos and not to Yom Tov since Yom Tov entails no *chatas*. Ritva notes the question why not list *zore’a* for Shemitah as well and answers that by Shemitah it is pashut there is no chiluk melachos, whereas Yom Tov could have been presumed akin to Shabbos; Minchas Chinuch and Aruch HaShulchan answer the mekalkel challenge by distinguishing physical destruction from “spiritual” prohibition, so planting prohibited items is not mekalkel in the physical sense.
- A baraisa rules that one who cooks *gid hanasheh* in milk on Yom Tov and eats it receives five malkos: for eating *gid*, for cooking on Yom Tov שלא לצורך per Beis Shammai (since Beis Hillel would not give malkos due to מתוך), for cooking *basar bechalav*, for eating *basar bechalav*, and for *havarah*. Because there is no chiluk melachos on Yom Tov, the Gemara removes *havarah* and, to maintain five, first suggests adding *gid hanasheh* of neveilah and then instead inserts *atzei Asherah* or *atzei hekdesh*, sourcing the azharah from “ולא ידבק בידך מאומה מן החרם” or “אשריהם תשרפון באש לא תעשון כן לה' אלהיכם.” Tosafos explains me’ilah is omitted since it may be less than a shaveh perutah, while Aruch LaNer justifies this sugya’s order of lavin as most aligned with Torah sequence and clarifies why the text asked to drop *havarah* after listing *bishul*; Ritva notes that strictly the fire precedes cooking, and the Rif’s approach yields a case of simultaneous violations.
- Rav Hoshaya proposes adding sowing in Nachal Eitan from “אשר לא יעבד בו ולא יזרע,” and Ritva rejects the notion that it is impossible to plow there as effort can enable it. Rav Chananya proposes erasing the Divine Name during the plowing from “ואבדתם את שמם לא תעשון כן לה' אלהיכם,” and Rabbi Abbahu adds cutting off a baheres from “השמר בנגע הצרעת.” Abaye adds removing the choshen from the ephod and taking out the *badei ha’aron* from *lo yizach hachoshen* and *lo yasuru*, and Rav Ashi adds the plow being made of *atzei Asherah* from “ולא ידבק בידך מאומה מן החרם,” while Ravina adds cutting good fruit trees from “כי ממנו תאכל ואותו לא תכרות.”
- # Kelayim with One Animal: Pesulei Ha-Mukdashin
- # Number of Lashes: Thirty-Nine vs Forty and Derivations
- # Honoring Torah Scholars vs Sefer Torah
- # Reassessment of Capacity for Lashes
- # One Assessment for Two Lavin
- # Procedure for Administering Malkos
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