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Menachos Daf 70 - Five Grains
Summary
  • The ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ begins on ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืข with ื‘ืขื™ ืจื‘ื about whether, for ืžืขืฉืจ purposes, growth after replanting follows the original ืขื™ืงืจ or the later ืชื•ืกืคืช, and the ื’ืžืจื tests three comparisons and leaves ืจื‘ืโ€™s ืกืคืง unresolved. The ื’ืžืจื then analyzes replanting ื˜ื‘ืœ after ืžื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืจื™ and whether one can be ืงื•ืจื ืฉื ืชืจื•ืžื” ื•ืžืขืฉืจ while the produce is ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ, while distinguishing the general rule about ืชืจื•ืžื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ as applying to ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ื•ื—ื•ืžืฉ because eating in that way is ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจืš ืื›ื™ืœื”. The sugya continues with ืฉืžื•ืืœโ€™s ruling that planting ื›ืœืื™ื in an ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืงื•ื‘ is ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, and then the ืžืฉื ื” teaches that ื—ืœื” and ื—ื“ืฉ apply only to the ื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ, derived through *leแธฅem-leแธฅem* and the ื—ืžืฅโ€“ืžืฆื” linkage, and that the five grains are ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ in multiple halachic contexts. The end of the daf clarifies that โ€œืžืฆื˜ืจืฃโ€ can refer to new grain, ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื—, ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ outside ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, or ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ with a qualification about edible purity, and it closes by reframing a ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช about whether โ€œืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื•ืžืจโ€ refers to ืงืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ or ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ as applying to the ืžืฉื ื”โ€™s rule about when ื”ืฉืจืฉื” qualifies grain to be permitted by this yearโ€™s ืขื•ืžืจ.
  • Today's ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ is sponsored by Dr. David Landman in honor of his wife and children ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช his mother ื’ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช ืฉืžื—ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื•ื, with the hope that the ื ืฉืžื” should have an ืขืœื™ื”. The shiur picks up on the last line of ื“ืฃ ืกื˜ ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ after the ืชื™ืงื• and begins with ื‘ืขื™ ืจื‘ื.
  • Rื‘ื asks whether, regarding ืžืขืฉืจ, the law follows the ืขื™ืงืจ or the ืชื•ืกืคืช when something already tithed is replanted and grows further, in a case where one estimated and took ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช while the grain is still ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื and then replanted and it grew more. Rื‘ื frames the question as whether, even if the ืชื•ืกืคืช is not dragged after the already-tithed ืขื™ืงืจ and needs its own ืžืขืฉืจ, the original ืขื™ืงืจ might now be dragged after the ืชื•ืกืคืช and require tithing again. Aื‘ื™ื™ first compares it to ordinary planting from kernels that already had ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช taken, where one tithes the whole new growth without subtracting the original seed amount, and ืจึธื‘ึธื rejects this because that is ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื–ืจืขื• ื›ืœื” while his question is about ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ืจืขื• ื›ืœื” where the original matter remains intact. The ื’ืžืจื then attempts proof from ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ about ืœื™ื˜ืจื ื‘ืฆืœ ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื•ื–ืจืขื•, where ืžืขืฉืจ ืœืคื™ ื›ื•ืœื• even though it is ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ืจืขื• ื›ืœื”, and it is rejected because planting onions that way is normal whereas planting grain stalks is not normal. The third comparison is an ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืงื•ื‘ that later becomes ื ืงื•ื‘, and ืื‘ื™ื™ says it is not comparable because there it is ื—ื“ื ื–ืจื™ืขื” and the growth is one continuous planting, while ืจึธื‘ึธืโ€™s case is ืฉืชื™ ื–ืจื™ืขื•ืช, and the sugya leaves ืจึธื‘ึธืโ€™s ืกืคืง without resolution.
  • ืจื‘ ืื•ืฉืขื™ื asks about a ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช that was fully processed with ืžื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืจื™ and thus became ื˜ื‘ืœ, was then replanted, and had ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช designated while it is still ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ, and the ืกืคืง is whether the earlier ื—ื™ื•ื‘ from when it was ืชืœื•ืฉ allows ืงื•ืจื ืฉื now, or whether planting removes the earlier ื˜ื‘ืœ-status for purposes of designation. The ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช explains that the issue is not that it becomes permitted to eat, since the ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื are ื˜ื‘ืœ in a case of ืœื ื–ืจืข ื›ืœื”, but rather whether โ€œืžืžื ื• ื•ืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจโ€ still blocks designation now that it is planted; the ื“ื‘ืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื cites the ืจ"ืฉ ืžืฉืื ืฅ who treats the ืฆื“ as potentially removing the ื˜ื‘ืœ status entirely and questions why the ืกืคืง is not framed as permissibility to eat. The ืจื‘ื ืŸ challenge ืื‘ื™ื™ that allowing designation here would imply ืชืจื•ืžื” exists ื‘ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ, and they cite โ€œื•ืชื ืŸโ€ even though the wording is not found verbatim in a ืžืฉื ื”, with explanations that the idea appears in ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช and ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื or in the ืกืคืจื™. ืื‘ื™ื™ answers that the statement about no ืชืจื•ืžื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ is only ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ื•ื—ื•ืžืฉ because either detaching makes it ืชืœื•ืฉ, or bending down to bite from the ground is ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื“ืขืชื• ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื and is not ื“ืจืš ืื›ื™ืœื”, so the punishments do not apply even if a ืฉื ืชืจื•ืžื” could conceptually take effect for later. The ื’ืžืจื challenges this from ืื™ืœืคืโ€™s notebook case of an egg partly inside a ื ื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืฃ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ, where eating from inside is ืžื˜ืžื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืœื™ืขื” despite the unusual manner, and it answers that eating from within an animal is still within normal patterns while eating directly from ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืงืจืงืข is not something people do and remains ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจืš ืื›ื™ืœื”.
  • ืฉืžื•ืืœ rules, as quoted by ืจื‘ ื–ื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ืจ ืงื™ืกื˜ื, that ื”ื–ื•ืจืข ื›ืœืื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืงื•ื‘ is ืืกื•ืจ. ืื‘ื™ื™ questions what the chiddush is if it merely means an ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, since a ืžืฉื ื” already treats growth in an ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืงื•ื‘ as having a recognized status ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ in the context of ืชืจื•ืžื”, where ื”ืชื•ืจื ืžืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืงื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื‘ is ืชืจื•ืžื” and must be repeated.
  • The ืžืฉื ื” states that ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื•ืกืžื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ are ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื” and are ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”, and that they are ืืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืกื— and ืืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืžืœืงืฆื•ืจ ืžืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืžืจ. The ืžืฉื ื” further rules that if they ื”ืฉืจื™ืฉื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื•ืžืจ, the ืขื•ืžืจ permits them, and if not, they remain ืืกื•ืจื™ืŸ until the next ืขื•ืžืจ. The ื’ืžืจื categorizes ื›ื•ืกืžื™ืŸ as ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ื™ื and ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ and ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ as ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืจื™ื, and it identifies ื›ื•ืกืžื™ืŸ as ื’ื•ืœื‘ื, ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ as ื“ื™ืฉืจื, and ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ as ืฉื‘ื•ืœื™ ืชืขืœื. The sugya emphasizes that rice and millet are excluded from these rules, and it derives the limitation of ื—ืœื” to the five grains from *leแธฅem-leแธฅem* with ืžืฆื”, and it derives the five-grain limitation for ืžืฆื” itself from the ื”ื™ืงืฉ of ื—ืžืฅ and ืžืฆื” teaching that only things that come ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ qualify, excluding those that come only ืœื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ.
  • A teaching states that ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื•ืงืžื— ื•ื‘ืฆืงื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”, and the ื’ืžืจื asks what ื”ืœื›ื” the ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ serves. ืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื applies it to ื—ื“ืฉ, where combined amounts can reach a ื›ื–ื™ืช for ืžืœืงื•ืช; ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ applies it to ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื—, including moistened kernels that can become ื—ืžืฅ; ืจื‘ ืคืคื applies it to ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ eaten ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืžื”; and ืจื‘ื applies it to ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ, where they combine to a ื›ื‘ื™ืฆื”. In ืจื‘ืโ€™s reading, the comparison to ื‘ืฆืง teaches that grain and flour only join when they are ืื•ื›ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ without inedible mixture, and the ืฆืืŸ ืงื“ืฉื™ื explains that a general rule already makes all foods combine for ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ, so the added point here is the requirement of edible purity. The ืงืจืŸ ืื•ืจื” explains that each ืืžื•ืจื selects a context with a distinct chiddush, including the idea that by ื—ื“ืฉ one might have thought the separate expressions ืœื—ื, ืงืœื™, and ื›ืจืžืœ prevent ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ, yet they still combine.
  • A ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื teaches that wheat is ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช whether peeled or unpeeled, while barley is only ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช when peeled and not when unpeeled, and ืจืฉ"ื™ explains that the ืงืœื™ืคื” can act as a separation. The ื’ืžืจื challenges this from ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ on โ€œืขืœ ื›ืœ ื–ืจืข ื–ืจื•ืข ืืฉืจ ื™ื–ืจืข,โ€ which treats wheat and barley in their husks as subject to ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ in the manner people plant them. The ื’ืžืจื resolves the contradiction by distinguishing moist husks, which do combine, from dry husks, which do not, with explanations that moisture makes them function as a protective ืฉื•ืžืจ or makes them more fit for eating.
  • ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ derives the five-grain scope of ื—ื“ืฉ through *leแธฅem-leแธฅem* from ืžืฆื” using โ€œื•ืœื—ื ื•ืงืœื™ ื•ื›ืจืžืœ ืœื ืชืื›ืœื•โ€ and โ€œืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื ืชืื›ืœื• ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื—ื ืขื•ื ื™.โ€ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ derives the scope of the pre-ืขื•ืžืจ harvest restriction through *reishit-reishit* from ื—ืœื” using โ€œืขื•ืžืจ ืจืืฉื™ืช ืงืฆื™ืจื›ืโ€ and โ€œืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืจื™ืกื•ืชื™ื›ื.โ€ A ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช is presented between ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”, who defines โ€œืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื•ืžืจโ€ as ืงื•ื“ื ืงืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ, and ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจ ื–ื‘ื™ื“, who defines it as ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ, and the ื’ืžืจื argues from the ืžืฉื ื”โ€™s phrasing that the ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช cannot be on the first clause about harvesting. The ื’ืžืจื therefore relocates the ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช to the clause โ€œืื ื”ืฉืจื™ืฉื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื•ืžืจ,โ€ making the question whether rooting must occur before ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ or before ืงืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ in order for this yearโ€™s ืขื•ืžืจ to permit the grain, and the shiur ends with โ€œื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืฉื tomorrow weโ€™ll pick up on the bottom line, ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ.โ€
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