Menachos 77 - NBTD
00:00 - Good Morning
00:11 - 76B
06:25 - 77A
24:13 - 77B
38:33 - Have a Wonderful Day!
Quiz - Kahoot.MDYdaf.com
Summary
- A lesson for לעילוי נשמת מרים סיס בת מרדכי explains the measurements and calculations of the *todah* offering’s flour and loaves, clarifies how additions of a “sixth” work as *mil’var* versus *mil’gav*, derives biblical proofs for the relationship between *eifah*, *bat*, *kor*, and *se’ah*, and then moves to Shmuel’s rule limiting increases to measures, coinage, and profit to a sixth. The text then lays out the Mishnah and Beraita rules for separating the *terumah* loaf portions for the *kohen*, derives the one-out-of-ten requirement via *gezeirah shavah*, and compares possible textual sources for the loaves’ size and composition while leaving certain later questions unresolved as *teiku*.
- A משנה states התודה היתה בה חמש סאין ירושלמיות שהן שש מדבריות and the text explains this as adding one-sixth in a way defined as *mil’var*. A numerical example shows that adding a “sixth” can mean adding a fifth of the original so that the final total contains a sixth, and the text frames this as מלבר ומלגב with the standard approach being מלבר. A parallel example states that when the תורה says you have to pay a fifth, it is treated as 25% because the calculation is taken from the final total rather than the starting amount.
- A Mishnah states that the *todah* uses שתי איפות and that each *eifah* equals שלש סאה, yielding עשרים עישרון total because each *eifah* contains ten *isaron*. A Mishnah states עשרה לחמץ ועשרה למצה and the text identifies forty loaves total, with ten חמץ loaves and thirty מצה loaves. A calculation assigns one *isaron* per חמץ loaf because ten loaves come from ten *isaron*, and assigns one-third *isaron* per מצה loaf because thirty loaves come from ten *isaron*. A side note defines an *isaron* as 43.2 eggs and approximates that as about five pounds of flour for the obligation of *challah*.
- A Mishnah states ובמצה שלוש מינים and the three types are חלות, רקיקין ורבוכה. A description states that the רקיקין have oil smeared on top but do not get בלילה, and that רבוכה involves חליטה like putting bagels into hot water. A calculation states נמצאו שלושה עשרונים ושליש לכל מין ומין, and it further states ושלוש חלות לעשרון.
- A statement says that in the *Yerushalmi* measure there are thirty קב, and the dough is split as חמישה עשר לחמץ וחמישה עשר למצה. A calculation assigns קב ומחצה לחלה for the ten חמץ loaves made from fifteen *kav*, and assigns a half-*kav* per matzah loaf when thirty loaves are made from fifteen *kav*. A statement repeats that matzah has three types and concludes נמצא חמישה קבים לכל מין ומין and ושתי חלות לקב.
- A question asks מנא הני מילי for the claim that an *eifah* is three *se’ah*, and Rav Ḥisda cites the verse האיפה והבת תוכן אחד יהיה to equate *eifah* and *bat*. A derivation states that since a *bat* is three *se’ah*, an *eifah* is also three *se’ah*, and the text then asks ובת גופא מנלן. The text explores and rejects a direct proof from לעשות מעשר החומר הבת and the parallel עשירית החומר האיפה because חומר is not yet quantified there, and it then brings a proof from וחוק השמן הבת השמן מעשר הבת מן הכור עשרת הבתים חומר, using that a *bat* is a tenth of a *kor* and that a *kor* is 30 *se’ah*, yielding three *se’ah* for a *bat* and therefore for an *eifah*.
- Shmuel states אין מוסיפין על המידות יותר משתות ולא על המטבע יותר משתות והמשתכר לא ישתכר יותר משתות, and the text adds that this applies to essentials like wine, oil, and fruit. The Gemara tests three rationales and rejects inflation as sufficient because even a sixth could still cause price effects, and it rejects *ona’ah* as the reason because Ravva teaches that any shortfall in precise measure, weight, or count requires return even for less than the standard *ona’ah* threshold. The Gemara also rejects a rationale framed only as avoiding seller loss because a merchant must earn profit and not merely avoid loss.
- Rav Ḥisda says Shmuel finds a verse and expounds it from והשקל עשרים גרה עשרים שקלים חמישה ועשרים שקלים עשרה וחמישה שקל המנה יהיה לכם, leading to a total of 240 rather than 100. The conclusion states שמעת מינה תלת: מנה של קודש כפול היה, מוסיפים על המדות ומוסיפים יותר משתות, and שתותא מלבר. Ravina adds that the Mishnah’s wording התודה הייתה באה חמש סאים ירושלמיות שהן שש מדבריות supports that the addition is computed as *mil’var*.
- A Mishnah states מכולן היה נוטל אחד מעשרה תרומה, and with forty loaves total the text states that four are given, one from each of four types. A verse is cited והקריב ממנו אחד מכל קרבן תרומה לה', and it is expounded as אחד שלא יטול פרוס and מכל קרבן שיהיו כל הקרבנות שוין, with the rule that one may not separate from one type for another. A statement says לכהן הזורק את דם השלמים לו יהיה and explains that it goes to the *mishmar* of *kohanim*, while והשאר נאכל לבעלים.
- A Beraita derives ממנו מן המחובר, requiring the loaves to be together in one container, and it analogizes from another use of ממנו that the animal is not cut before removing the אימורים. A derivation compares תרומה here with תרומת מעשר, concluding one-out-of-ten, and it rejects learning from ביכורים by using נדמה לדומה and distinctions such as whether additional separations follow and where the item is eaten. A concluding step states תלמוד לומר ממנו תרומה and uses the shared wording with תרומת מעשר to finalize the ten percent requirement.
- A further derivation states learned one-out-of-ten *terumah* but still asks how much *challah* is, and it compares the word לחם here with לחם in שתי הלחם to yield עשרון לחלה. A competing comparison uses לחם הפנים, which would imply two *isaron* per loaf, and the text again uses נידון מדומיו to prefer the analogy to שתי הלחם because both come as a מנחה with חמץ and with a זבח. A verse-based step uses ממושבותיכם תביאו לחם תנופה to extend eligibility beyond the בארץ-and-new-crop limitation of שתי הלחם, and a final derivation uses תהיינה to establish the measure as per-loaf rather than total.
- A derivation establishes עשרה לחמץ and then asks how to know עשרה למצה, answering from על חלת לחם חמץ that the matzah corresponds to the chametz amount. A verse is cited listing the three matzah forms, חלות מצות בלולות בשמן, ורקיקי מצות משוחים בשמן, and סולת מורבכת, rejecting the possibility that the matzah portion is all one type. A conclusion states נמצאו עשרים עשרונים ללחם תודה עשרה לחמץ ועשרה למצה, divides ten *isaron* among three matzah types as שלשה עשרונים ושליש לכל מין ומין, and ends with ונמצאו לחמי תודה ארבעים נוטל מהם ארבע ונותן לכהן והשאר נאכלים לבעלים.
- A question proposes learning from תרומת מדין, which would yield one five-hundredth, and the text rejects it as not נוהגת לדורות. A question proposes learning from תרומת חלה, and the rejection is attributed to תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל on the grounds of the specific phrase ממנו תרומת ה' matching תרומה לה' rather than the wording of *challah*. Rava asks whether תרומת לחמי תודה triggers מיתה וחומש like standard *terumah* and asks whether it is מדמע אינו מדמע, and the Gemara leaves the issues as תיקו.
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