Zichru Daf Simanim
Siman - Pesachim Daf 72
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  • Difference between tamid and milah re: טועה בדבר מצוה

In the Mishnah on Daf 71b, Rebbe Yehoshua said that the reason one is chayav a chatas for shechting other sacrifices on Shabbos for the sake of אימורי ציבור which are permitted to be brought on Shabbos, is שיש להן קצבה – they have a limit. Rashi explains that the person should have been more attentive to notice that the tamid was already brought and therefore it was not his attempt to perform a mitzvah that caused the error but rather his negligence in observing what had already been done. In the case of the pesach, since there are numerous offerings present, it is reasonable to assume that the lamb before him is a pesach.

On this Daf the Gemara challenges whether Rebbe Yehoshua holds that wherever the mitzvah has a limit the person would be a chayav a chatas based on a Mishnah in Shabbos where Rebbe Yehoshua holds that if one had two infants, one to circumcise on erev Shabbos and one to circumcise on Shabbos and the person forgot and circumcised the erev Shabbos infant on Shabbos he would be patur since he was טועה בדבר מצוה – he erred while attempting a mitzvah. Rebbe Ami answered that at the time he circumcised the infant, there was still the Shabbos infant that preoccupied him whereas in the case of the tamid, it had already been offered. Therefore, there was no longer a mitzvah to preoccupy him.

  • One who ate nossar meat instead of intended kodshim meat

Rebbe Shimon ben Lakish once said,ואכלו חייב נתחלף לו שפוד של נותר בשפוד של צלי – If one confused a spit of nossar meat with a spit of roasted sacrificial meat and he ate the nossar he is chayav a chatas. Rashi explains that although eating kodshim is a mitzvah based on the passuk, ואכלו אותם אשר כופר בהם – and they shall eat them, those who gained atonement through them, and the person erred while trying to perform a mitzvah, he is still liable a chatas since no mitzvah resulted.

  • Difference between wife and yevamah re: niddah and טועה בדבר מצוה

Rebbe Yochanan responded to Rebbe Shimon ben Lakish’s statement by saying, אשתו נדה בעל חייב יבמתו נדה בעל פטור – if one inadvertently had relations with his wife while she was a niddah he is liable a chatas whereas if he inadvertently had relations with his yevamah while she was a niddah he is patur. The Gemara asks what the difference is between his yevamah and his wife. In the case of yevamah he performs a mitzvah of yibbum during the act and in the case of his wife he also performs the mitzvah of procreation! Why then is he chayav when having relations with his wife? The Gemara clarifies that his wife was pregnant where there is no mitzvah of procreation. Even though we learn from Rava, חייב אדם לשמח אשתו בדבר מצוה – If one sees that his wife desires him, he is chayav to give her joy with additional mitzvah act, in this case she was close to her veset, her menstrual period, when relations are forbidden. Therefore, the husband’s intention could not have been to fulfill this mitzvah and he is chayav a chatas

Siman – Thick piece of cake (עב). After performing the bris on the wrong baby, the father was so distressed that he mistakenly ate from the spit of nossar meat instead of sacrificial meat, and then he brought a thick piece of cake to his yevamah instead of his wife.

Rabbi Avraham Goldhar

Rabbi Avraham Goldhar has been designing and teaching Jewish literacy courses for over thirty years. His knowledge frameworks for Biblical mastery, Jewish History, Talmudic Law & Jewish Holidays enable students of all backgrounds to better integrate Jewish concepts and learn systematically. After serving as the Educational Director of Aish HaTorah New York, Avraham launched GoldharSchool.com, Home of Big Picture Jewish Education, featuring Jewish literacy content for schools and individuals. He is the developer of the Goldhar Method, a revolutionary learning system that integrates memory into the learning process and has trained over 80,000 students, teachers and professionals. He lectures internationally on the topic of academic mastery and the solutions required to raise the bar in education. Avraham learned in Aish HaTorah, Mir, and Chaim Berlin and received his ordination under the tutelage of Rabbi Yitzchok Berkovits in Jerusalem.