1. The propriety of grabbing or requesting מתנות

Rava said that Rav Yosef tested them with the following question: האי כהנא דחטיף מתנתא – if a Kohen grabs the מתנות for himself, חבובי קא מחבב מצוה – is he demonstrating that he cherishes the mitzvah, או זלזולי קא מזלזל במצוה – or is he disgracing the mitzvah? Rava answered with a derashah: "ונתן" – and [the owner] shall give (the מתנות to the Kohen), ולא שיטול מעצמו – but he should not take them himself. Abaye initially would grab the מתנות, thinking this demonstrated a love for the mitzvah, until he heard the above derashah. He then began saying, “Give them to me,” until he heard that Shmuel Hanavi’s sons were criticized because חלקם שאלו בפיהם – they verbally requested their portion. Thereafter, Abaye would not request מתנות, but would accept them, until he heard a Baraisa: הצנועים מושכין את ידיהם והגרגרנים חולקים – the discreet Kohanim would withdraw their hands, while the gluttonous would take portions. Afterwards, Abaye would accept מתנות only on Erev Yom Kippur, to establish himself as a Kohen. [He could not establish himself as a Kohen through ברכת כהנים, because אנסיה ליה עידניה – his set learning time with his talmidim prevented him from performing ברכת כהנים.]

1. Marking meat of an animal owned in partnership with an idolator or Kohen

The Mishnah on the previous Daf taught: והמשתתף עמהן צריך לרשום – one who partners with them (a Kohen or idolator) must mark the meat, so people will realize that the Yisroel has a partner who exempts the animal from מתנות. The Gemara objects that a Baraisa teaches that one who partners with an idolator does not need to mark the meat!? Two answers are given: the Baraisa’s case is דיתיב עובד כוכבים אכספתא – the idolator is sitting at the money chest where the butcher puts the money received from customers. If a Kohen partner is sitting at the money chest, the meat must still be marked, because אמרי המוני הימניה – [people] will say [the butcher] trusted [the Kohen] to guard the money, and will not assume he is a partner. In contrast, אין אמונה בעובד כוכבים – there is no trust for idolators, and he would not be trusted to guard the money. Thus, an idolator sitting at the money chest indicates he is a partner. Alternatively, the case is where the partner is merely sitting in the store. Although a Kohen may not be assumed to be a partner, an idolator will, because סתם עובד כוכבים מפעא פעי – an ordinary idolator cries out to the butcher to change his prices, demonstrating that he is a partner.

1. Partnership in the animal’s head only; owning everything but the head

Rav Huna said: שותף בראש פטור מן הלחי – if [a Kohen or idolator] is a partner only in the animal’s head, [the Yisroel] is exempt from giving the לחי, but is obligated to give the other מתנות. Similarly, a partner in the (entire) right foreleg is exempt from giving the זרוע portion of the leg, and a partner in the בני מעיין – innards is exempt from giving the קיבה; in each case, however, he remains obligated to give the other מתנות. Chiya bar Rav disagreed: אפי' שותף באחת מהן פטור מכולן – even if he is only a partner in one of them, he is exempt from all of [the מתנות]. However, this second opinion is refuted. The Gemara asks, if a Kohen told a Yisroel: הראש שלך וכולה שלי – “The head is yours but all [the rest] is mine, what is the halachah? Do we say: בתר חיובא אזלינן – we follow the obligated part (i.e., the head), and since it belongs to a Yisroel, he is obligated to give the לחיים? או דלמא בתר עיקר בהמה אזלינן – Or perhaps we follow the main part of the animal, which is owned here by the Kohen, and the Yisroel is exempt? The Gemara proves בתר חיובא אזלינן.