- How much of the writing must be witnessed by the shaliach
On the previous Daf, Rebbe Elazar paskened: אפילו לא כתב בו אלא שיטה אחת לשמה שוב אינו צריך – Even if [the scribe] only wrote a single line in the presence of the shaliach, the shaliach does not need to witness more and can assume the rest was written properly. Rav Ashi said: אפי' שמע קן קולמוסא וקן מגילתא – Even merely hearing the “kan, kan” sound of the quill scratching against the parchment is adequate to testify that the get was written before him. A Baraisa is brought in support of Rav Ashi: אפי' הוא בבית וסופר בעלייה – Even if [the shaliach] is in the house and the scribe is in the upper floor, הוא בעלייה וסופר בבית – or he is in the upper floor and the scribe is in the house, אפי' נכנס ויוצא כל היום כולו כשר – or even if he was going in and out all day, [the get] is valid. If the scribe is in the upper story, how can the shaliach see what he is doing? Rather, he must have heard the sound of the writing, and this is sufficient for testimony for the get.
- Machlokes about saying בפני נכתב in בבל
Amoraim disputed the status of Bavel regarding the requirement to say בפני נכתב. Rav says: כארץ ישראל לגיטין – It is like Eretz Yisroel regarding gittin, and בפני נכתב need not be said. Shmuel says: כחוץ לארץ – It is like other places outside Eretz Yisroel, and בפני נכתב must be said. After reiterating that all agree with the need to confirm signatures, the Gemara explains their machlokes. Rav holds: כיון דאיכא מתיבתא - Since there are yeshivos in Bavel (namely, those of Sura and Nehardea), and the students would travel from one to the other and from all parts of Bavel to the two yeshivos, מישכח שכיחי – witnesses can commonly be found to confirm the signatures, and בפני נכתב is unnecessary. Shmuel holds: מתיבתא בגירסייהו טרידי – those in the yeshivos are busy with their learning, and do not become familiar with people’s signatures. This explanation of the machlokes is supported by Rav Huna: עשינו עצמינו בבבל כא"י לגיטין – We have made ourselves in Bavel like Eretz Yisroel regarding gittin, מכי אתא רב לבבל – from when Rav arrived in Bavel and established the yeshiva of Sura. This indicates that their status changed after his arrival, which resulted from increased travel after the yeshiva opened.
- Machlokes about פילגש בגבעה, and the danger of being מטיל אימה יתירה
The Gemara records a machlokes about what the concubine of Givah did that angered her husband. Rebbe Evyasar said: זבוב מצא לה – He found a fly in his food because of her. Rebbe Yonasan said: נימא מצא לה – He found a hair because of her. Eliyahu HaNavi told Rebbe Evyasar that Hashem was quoting their opinions and explained: אלו ואלו דברי אלקים חיים הן – These and these are the words of the Living G-d, זבוב מצא ולא הקפיד נימא מצא והקפיד – He found a fly and did not get upset, then found a hair and became upset. The Gemara explains why the hair angered him more. Parenthetically, Rav Chisda said: לעולם אל יטיל אדם אימה יתירה בתוך ביתו – A person should never instill excessive fear in his home,שהרי פילגש בגבעה הטיל עליה בעלה אימה יתירה - because regarding the concubine in Givah, her husband instilled excessive fear upon her, והפילה כמה רבבות מישראל – and she ultimately caused many myriads of Yisroel to fall in the civil war that followed. Rav said: כל המטיל אימה יתירה בתוך ביתו – Anyone who instills excessive fear in his home, סוף הוא בא לידי שלש עבירות – eventually comes to violate three transgressions: (1) גילוי עריות – illicit relations, because the wife may be afraid to tell her husband she has not immersed from niddah, (2) ושפיכות דמים – bloodshed, as occurred with the פילגש בגבעה, (3) וחילול שבת – and Shabbos desecration, because the wife may light a candle after dark, out of fear of her husband.
